ls - List directory contents. Ignore files and directories
starting with a '.' by default
ls [--help] [--format] [-C ]
[-l|--long] [-x ] [-T|--tabsize] [-m
] [--zero] [-D|--dired] [--hyperlink] [-1
] [-o ] [-g ] [-n|--numeric-uid-gid]
[--quoting-style] [-N|--literal]
[-b|--escape] [-Q|--quote-name]
[-q|--hide-control-chars] [--show-control-chars]
[--time] [-c ] [-u ] [--hide]
[-I|--ignore] [-B|--ignore-backups]
[--sort] [-S ] [-t ] [-v ] [-X ] [-U
] [-L|--dereference]
[--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir]
[-H|--dereference-command-line] [-G|--no-group]
[--author] [-a|--all] [-A|--almost-all]
[-d|--directory] [-h|--human-readable]
[-k|--kibibytes] [--si] [--block-size]
[-i|--inode] [-r|--reverse]
[-R|--recursive] [-w|--width]
[-s|--size] [--color] [--indicator-style]
[-F|--classify] [--file-type] [-p ]
[--time-style] [--full-time] [-Z|--context]
[--group-directories-first] [-V|--version]
[paths]
List directory contents. Ignore files and directories starting
with a '.' by default
- --help
- Print help information.
- --format
- Set the display format.
- -C
- Display the files in columns.
- -l, --long
- Display detailed information.
- -x
- List entries in rows instead of in columns.
- -T,
--tabsize=COLS
- Assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 (unimplemented)
May also be specified with the TABSIZE environment
variable.
- -m
- List entries separated by commas.
- --zero
- List entries separated by ASCII NUL characters.
- -D, --dired
- generate output designed for Emacs' dired (Directory Editor) mode
- --hyperlink=WHEN
[default: never]
- hyperlink file names WHEN
[possible values: always, yes, force, auto, tty,
if-tty, never, no, none]
- -1
- List one file per line.
- -o
- Long format without group information. Identical to --format=long with
--no-group.
- -g
- Long format without owner information.
- -n,
--numeric-uid-gid
- -l with numeric UIDs and GIDs.
- --quoting-style
- Set quoting style.
[possible values: literal, shell, shell-always,
shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape]
- -N, --literal
- Use literal quoting style. Equivalent to `--quoting-style=literal`
- -b, --escape
- Use escape quoting style. Equivalent to `--quoting-style=escape`
- -Q,
--quote-name
- Use C quoting style. Equivalent to `--quoting-style=c`
- -q,
--hide-control-chars
- Replace control characters with '?' if they are not escaped.
- --show-control-chars
- Show control characters 'as is' if they are not escaped.
- --time=field
- Show time in <field>: access time (-u): atime, access, use; change
time (-t): ctime, status. birth time: birth, creation;
- -c
- If the long listing format (e.g., -l, -o) is being used, print the status
change time (the 'ctime' in the inode) instead of the modification time.
When explicitly sorting by time (--sort=time or -t) or when not using a
long listing format, sort according to the status change time.
- -u
- If the long listing format (e.g., -l, -o) is being used, print the status
access time instead of the modification time. When explicitly sorting by
time (--sort=time or -t) or when not using a long listing format, sort
according to the access time.
- --hide=PATTERN
- do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or
-A)
- -I,
--ignore=PATTERN
- do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
- -B,
--ignore-backups
- Ignore entries which end with ~.
- --sort=field
- Sort by <field>: name, none (-U), time (-t), size (-S), extension
(-X) or width
[possible values: name, none, time, size, version,
extension, width]
- -S
- Sort by file size, largest first.
- -t
- Sort by modification time (the 'mtime' in the inode), newest first.
- -v
- Natural sort of (version) numbers in the filenames.
- -X
- Sort alphabetically by entry extension.
- -U
- Do not sort; list the files in whatever order they are stored in the
directory. This is especially useful when listing very large directories,
since not doing any sorting can be noticeably faster.
- -L,
--dereference
- When showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for
the file the link references rather than the link itself.
- --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
- Do not follow symlinks except when they link to directories and are given
as command line arguments.
- -H,
--dereference-command-line
- Do not follow symlinks except when given as command line arguments.
- -G,
--no-group
- Do not show group in long format.
- --author
- Show author in long format. On the supported platforms, the author always
matches the file owner.
- -a, --all
- Do not ignore hidden files (files with names that start with '.').
- -A,
--almost-all
- In a directory, do not ignore all file names that start with '.', only
ignore '.' and '..'.
- -d,
--directory
- Only list the names of directories, rather than listing directory
contents. This will not follow symbolic links unless one of
`--dereference-command-line (-H)`, `--dereference (-L)`, or
`--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir` is specified.
- -h,
--human-readable
- Print human readable file sizes (e.g. 1K 234M 56G).
- -k,
--kibibytes
- default to 1024-byte blocks for file system usage; used only with -s and
per directory totals
- --si
- Print human readable file sizes using powers of 1000 instead of 1024.
- --block-size=BLOCK_SIZE
- scale sizes by BLOCK_SIZE when printing them
- -i, --inode
- print the index number of each file
- -r, --reverse
- Reverse whatever the sorting method is e.g., list files in reverse
alphabetical order, youngest first, smallest first, or whatever.
- -R,
--recursive
- List the contents of all directories recursively.
- -w,
--width=COLS
- Assume that the terminal is COLS columns wide.
- -s, --size
- print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
- --color
- Color output based on file type.
[possible values: always, yes, force, auto, tty,
if-tty, never, no, none]
- --indicator-style
- Append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash
(-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
[possible values: none, slash, file-type, classify]
- -F,
--classify=when
- Append a character to each file name indicating the file type. Also, for
regular files that are executable, append '*'. The file type indicators
are '/' for directories, '@' for symbolic links, '|' for FIFOs, '=' for
sockets, '>' for doors, and nothing for regular files. when may be
omitted, or one of: none - Do not classify. This is the default. auto -
Only classify if standard output is a terminal. always - Always classify.
Specifying --classify and no when is equivalent to --classify=always. This
will not follow symbolic links listed on the command line unless the
--dereference-command-line (-H), --dereference (-L), or
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir options are specified.
[possible values: always, yes, force, auto, tty,
if-tty, never, no, none]
- --file-type
- Same as --classify, but do not append '*'
- -p
- Append / indicator to directories.
- --time-style=TIME_STYLE
- time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below
May also be specified with the TIME_STYLE
environment variable.
- --full-time
- like -l --time-style=full-iso
- -Z, --context
- print any security context of each file (not enabled)
- --group-directories-first
- group directories before files; can be augmented with a --sort option, but
any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
- -V, --version
- Print version
- [paths]
-
The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale or
+FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like in date. Also the TIME_STYLE environment
variable sets the default style to use.