NNG_DIAL(3) NNG Reference Manual NNG_DIAL(3)

nng_dial - create and start dialer

#include <nng/nng.h>
int nng_dial(nng_socket s, const char *url, nng_dialer *dp, int flags);

The nng_dial() function creates a newly initialized nng_dialer object, associated with socket s, and configured to dial the address specified by url, and starts it. If the value of dp is not NULL, then the newly created dialer is stored at the address indicated by dp.

Dialers initiate a remote connection to a listener. Upon a successful connection being established, they create a pipe, add it to the socket, and then wait for that pipe to be closed. When the pipe is closed, the dialer attempts to re-establish the connection. Dialers will also periodically retry a connection automatically if an attempt to connect asynchronously fails.


Tip

While it is convenient to think of dialers as clients, the relationship
between the listener or dialer is orthogonal to any server or client status that might be associated with a given protocol. For example, a req socket might have associated dialers, but might also have associated listeners. It may even have some of each at the same time!

Normally, the first attempt to connect to the address indicated by url is done synchronously, including any necessary name resolution. As a result, a failure, such as if the connection is refused, will be returned immediately, and no further action will be taken.

However, if the special value NNG_FLAG_NONBLOCK is supplied in flags, then the connection attempt is made asynchronously.

Furthermore, if the connection was closed for a synchronously dialed connection, the dialer will still attempt to redial asynchronously.


Tip

While NNG_FLAG_NONBLOCK can help an application be more resilient,
it also generally makes diagnosing failures somewhat more difficult.

Because the dialer is started immediately, it is generally not possible to apply extra configuration; if that is needed applications should consider using nng_dialer_create() and nng_dialer_start() instead.

This function returns 0 on success, and non-zero otherwise.

NNG_EADDRINVAL

An invalid url was specified.

NNG_ECLOSED

The socket s is not open.

NNG_ECONNREFUSED

The remote peer refused the connection.

NNG_ECONNRESET

The remote peer reset the connection.

NNG_EINVAL

An invalid set of flags or an invalid url was specified.

NNG_ENOMEM

Insufficient memory is available.

NNG_EPEERAUTH

Authentication or authorization failure.

NNG_EPROTO

A protocol error occurred.

NNG_EUNREACHABLE

The remote address is not reachable.

nng_dialer_close(3), nng_dialer_create(3) nng_dialer_start(3), nng_listen(3), nng_strerror(3), nng_dialer(5), nng_pipe(5), nng(7)

2025-01-05